For example, AMA style uses "P value", APA style uses "p value", and the American Statistical Association uses "p-value". In all cases, the "p" stands for probability.[1]

Aug 11, 2025 · A p-value, or probability value, is a number describing how likely it is that your data would have occurred by random chance (i.e., that the null hypothesis is true).

Sep 2, 2025 · A p-value is a number that helps us judge how surprising our results are if there really were no effect. The smaller the p-value, the less likely it is that the results happened just …

Oct 2, 2025 · P-value is the level of marginal significance within a statistical hypothesis test, representing the probability of the occurrence of a given event.

Jul 27, 2025 · It represents the probability of obtaining results as extreme as, or more extreme than, the observed results under the assumption that the null hypothesis is true. In simpler …

Jul 16, 2020 · What exactly is a p value? The p value, or probability value, tells you how likely it is that your data could have occurred under the null hypothesis. It does this by calculating the …

May 11, 2025 · But what exactly is a p-value, and why is it so important (and sometimes controversial) in the world of statistics? This comprehensive guide aims to demystify the p …

Dec 8, 2025 · How does sample size affect p-value interpretation? Sample size dramatically influences p-value interpretation in two important ways. With very large samples, even tiny and …

When you run a hypothesis test, you compare the p value from your test to the alpha level you selected when you ran the test. Alpha levels can also be written as percentages. Graphically, …

Aug 10, 2022 · Discover how a p-value can help you determine the significance of your results when performing a hypothesis test.