Voltage clamps for protecting low-voltage dc circuits require a new approach to circuit design. Many commonly used voltage clamps were built for systems of 5 V or higher, but lower-voltage systems ...

CMOS voltage reference circuits are integral to modern electronic systems, providing a stable and reproducible voltage that underpins the performance of myriad integrated devices. These circuits ...

Switching has almost always meant “hard" switching, which is simple but comes with all kinds of electrical and thermal ...

Overvoltage protection of AC power lines is a common practice, which encompasses a variety of protection circuit solutions. Most designs are cost-driven and tend to use only the bare minimum of ...

There are many cases where a power supply needs an internal current-limiter function, usually built using a current sensor, a control circuit, and a pass transistor. The current sensor itself can be a ...

If a charged particle beam interacts with structures of different electric conductivity in a microelectronic circuit, this leads to local changes in the electric potential at its surface. In a ...

Designers can make useful products that include electrical components close electrical componentA device in an electric circuit, such as a battery, switch or lamp.. They allow a product to have lights ...

Thank you for visiting one of our most popular classic articles. If you’d like to see updated information on this topic, please check out this recently published article, Low-Voltage Motors, Voltage ...