For most of the twentieth century, geopolitical analysis rested on a comforting fiction: that the world could be divided cleanly into categories. States were allies or adversaries, wars were declared ...

Ambiguity is often perceived as a source of confusion and discomfort, but it holds a surprising power to influence our thinking, creativity, and resilience. In a world that increasingly values clarity ...

Ambiguity aversion – the tendency to avoid options with uncertain probability distributions – has emerged as a central concept in understanding investor behaviour and decision making in financial ...